Copper is an important micronutrient that functions as a cofactor and antioxidant in a large number of enzymes that are important for cellular respiration and the nervous system. Copper's relationship with the immune system is clear in that copper deficiency severely impairs its function. Associated symptoms include increased susceptibility to pathogens, and affected function of various immune cells.

Among copper’s various forms, copper bis-glycinate (Cbg) has been used as an official EU-approved oral supplement to promote health. This is a chelated form of copper that is better absorbed by the body than other forms. In this study, we therefore observed the influence of Cbg on human epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) to determine its cytotoxicity, anti-reactive oxygen (ROS), and wound healing capabilities. We also evaluated Cbg’s anti-inflammatory immune cells like primary human mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytic THP-1, and Jurkat cells in the context of anti-inflammation.

Various studies, particularly in relation to wound healing, have been conducted with copper sulfate, citrate, and oxide, but few have assessed Cbg. As this is a common part of food supplements, we thought this of specific interest. However, this raises the question of whether Cbg’s in vitro use on a monolayer cell culture (in vitro) can have the same effect as an oral intake.

The presented study demonstrated an immunomodulatory impact of copper on immune cells, which indicates a potentially positive influence on healing mechanisms of diseases with overwhelming immune system in the human body. Further research would be necessary to obtain that goal, but copper could be a very promising agent in inflammatory processes.

(Source: Areesanan, A.; Wolf, L.; Nicolay, S.; Zimmermann-Klemd, A.M.; Gründemann, C.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Copper Bis-Glycinate In Vitro. Molecules 2025, 30, 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061282)